General Description Of Hypertensive Heart Disease

General Description Hypertensive heart disease is a term applied to heart conditions caused by high blood pressure. Some of these conditions include coronary artery disease, hypertrophy (or thickening of the heart muscle), and heart failure. (U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d.) High blood pressure indicates that the pressure exerted on the inside of blood vessels by blood flow is excessive. This can lead to thickening of blood vessel walls, and when combined with cholesterol deposits, can lead to a myocardial infarction (heart attack), or stroke. When pressure in the arteries is too high, the heart must work harder to overcome the pressure. Thickening of the heart muscle can result if the heart is exposed to high blood pressure over†¦show more content†¦(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.) The following evaluation was performed on a patient displaying the classic signs and symptoms of an individual with complications from hypertension. Patient X Patient X (a 45 year old male) came into my office today experiencing reoccurring chest and neck pain, accompanied with fatigue, loss of appetite, and the general feeling of malaise. These symptoms are possible signs of a heart issue, but a deeper look into the patient’s medical history and further testing will be needed to develop an accurate diagnosis. Etiology The patient’s medical history indicates factors that could predispose him to developing a heart condition. These factors include a family history of heart disease, being moderately overweight, and maintaining a sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, the patient admits to a high cholesterol and high sodium diet with little to no fruit or vegetable consumption. A routine physical examination approximately 3 years prior to the patient’s current visit indicated elevated blood pressure levels. Patient X was prescribed Lisinopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme [ace] inhibitor that widens the blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve blood flow, and decrease the heart’s workload) (Mayo Clinic, 2015), and advised to modify his diet and begin a regular exercise program. In addition to not changing his diet or attempted any form of exercise, Patient X also routinely forgets to

The Importance of the Doctrine of Separation Powers to...

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 202 ASSIGNMENT NAME: GAONE K KEOBATILE ID NUMBER: 200902722 LECTURE: MR SELEKE DUE DATE: 7/3/11 QUESTION 1...DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS TO BOTSWANA’S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES INTRODUCTION All around the world there is need to achieve and maintain peace in the governing of the state. So in order to reinforce this there is the practice of the doctrine of separation of powers in different nations. So this essay is set out to explain in detail the history of the doctrine from where it all started and how it came to be practiced in Botswana. Of course the separation of powers ensures the efficient way of running a country but will it manage†¦show more content†¦THE JUDICIARY-It is given the power to interpret laws thus it has the following checks over the executive; once the judges are appointed for ;life they are free from the control of the executive branch and determines whether the law is unconstitutional or not. Checks over the legislative branch, courts can judge legislative acts to be unconstitutional. Then the question arises,since when the roles of the organs of the government are summed up its mostly making the policies and laws for the citizens,who implements them?this takes us to the public administrators. DIFINATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ITS ORGANISATION In order to understand a concept take it bit by bit, therefore before understanding public administration (PAD), administration has to be understood first. According to Heywood (2002:363)administration generally means the task of coordinating and executing policies, it implies assisting or serving others. All civil servants are involved in administration. He goes on to say Public Administration refers to the mechanisms and institutions through which public policies are put into effect. Also according to McLean (2009:440) PAD denotes the institutions of public bureaucracy within a state this is the organisational structures which form the basis of public decision-making and implementation and the arrangement by which public service are delivered. So to my understanding Public Administration is all about the civil servants

Black Holes Infinity And BeyondIf Theories Of The Essay Example For Students

Black Holes: Infinity And BeyondIf Theories Of The Essay ir Existence Are True, Black HBlack Holes: Infinity and BeyondIf theories of their existence are true, black holes are the most powerful force in the known physical universe. Many people are familiar with the term black hole, but few people actually know anything about them. A black hole forms as a result of a massive star running out of fuel to burn (Chaisson, 193). Once the star is no longer exerting outward force by burning off gases, it begins to collapse under its own intense, inward gravity (Chaisson, 193). It is like slowly letting the air out of a balloon. Once the star is compacted to a certain size, while its mass, or weight, remains the same, its gravity becomes so powerful that nothing can escape it (Hawking, 87). This critical size to weight ratio is known as the Schwarzchild Radius (Hawking, 87). Once a black hole is created in this way, an invisible area, or line around it exists. If any object crosses this line, it can no longer escape the gravitational force of the black hole (Hawking, 87). This line is called the event horizon (Hawking, 87). If black holes are proven to exist, beyond theoretical physics, then they would probably be a very common anomaly in this universe. In 1915, Albert Einstein put forth the first real proposition of such an anomaly in his Theory of Relativity (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). In the 1930s, three physicists, doctors Volkoff, Snyder and Oppenheimer, were able to prove the validity of black holes mathematically. Since then, black holes have become a very important and integral part of science and the over all understanding of the universe. It has been proven, mathematically, that black holes have infinite, gravity based, escape velocities and an immense effect on light, time and even the very fabric of space. All bodies in space have gravity. According to Einsteins Theory of Relativity, this is because bodies with a large mass, or weight, actually warp space (Chaisson, 77). For example, if a two dimensional sheet of cloth, stretched and suspended at four corners, represents space, and a bowling ball is placed in the center, the sheet will warp downward. If a golf ball is then set at the edge of the sheet and allowed to move freely it will be attracted toward the bowling ball, unless the golf ball is traveling at a speed great enough to not be effected by the curve. This critical speed is known as an escape velocity. This is the speed at which an object must travel to escape a bodys gravitational force (Chaisson, 77). If a body is compacted, such that its weight stays the same but its radius, or size, becomes smaller, its escape velocity increases in parallel (Chaisson, 196). The simple formula for this, in physics, states that a bodys escape velocity is equal to the square root of its mass, divided by its radius (Chaisson, 77). For example, if a bodys mass is two-hundred, and its size is twelve and one half, the escape velocity would be four. If the size of the same body is reduced to two, while its mass remained at two-hundred, the escape velocity increases to ten. Since a black holes size is always decreasing and its weight is always the same, the escape velocity is infinite (Chaisson, 195). This means that nothing can escape a black hole past the event horizon, not even light. Light is made up of waves and particles. It was discovered, in 1676, by Danish astronomer, Ole Christenson, that light travels at a very high, but finite speed (Hawking, 18). .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 , .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .postImageUrl , .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 , .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:hover , .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:visited , .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:active { border:0!important; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:active , .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86 .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00454c69498c44611bbed1706ae84b86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Developmental Views of Parenting Style and Effecti Essay These properties of light govern that it must be subject to forces of nature, such as gravity. Light travels at such a high speed that it is not observably effected by gravity, unless that gravity is very strong. A black holes gravity is powerful enough to trap light because its escape velocity, being infinite, exceeds the speed of light (Hawking, 82). This is why a black hole is black. Once light crosses the event horizon it is drawn into the hole in space. Although the light is still hitting objects, it is not able to bounce off to indicate their existence to an observer, therefor the black hole appears as a void in space. Closing in on the edge of the event horizon, light travels back to an observer at a slower and slower rate, until it finally becomes in.. visible. This is due to heavy gravity and the effect that a black hole has on time (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). According to Einsteins General Theory of Relativity, time is not a constant (Hawking, 86). Time is relative to an observer and his or her environment (Hawking, 86). It has been proven that time moves slower at higher speeds (Hawking, 86). An experiment was conducted in which two synchronized atomic clocks were used. One was placed in a jet and flown around the Earth at three times the speed of sound, while the other was left stationary, on the ground (Hawking, 22). When the jet landed and the clocks were compared, the one in the jet displayed an earlier time. This leads to the reasoning that time is just as volatile as light or dirt. In cosmology, a singularity is an event or point that has a future or a past, but not both (Hawking, 49). In human life, death would be considered a singularity. A black hole is also considered a singularity. If an object crosses the event horizon of a black hole, it relatively ceases to exist, it has no future (Hawking, 88). Absolutely nothing in the known universe can survive in or escape from a black hole, so it can be said logically that time is stopped within the event horizon. The only way for an object to escape this fate would be for a strange anomaly to occur in the fabric of space, caused by a theoretically different type of black hole. If the mathematics that describe a black hole are reversed, the outcome is an object called a white hole (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). As the complete opposite of a black hole, a white hole is an object into which nothing can fall and objects are only spit out (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). At this point, white holes are strictly theory. Their existence is highly improbable. If certain properties, such as motion or a positive or negative charge are applied to a black hole, then the possibility of a white hole forming within the event horizon arises (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). This leads to an even more improbable occurrence called a wormhole (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). In theory, a wormhole would truly be a tear in the fabric of space. Since time essentially has no effect on a black or white hole, if an object were to fall into a worm hole, it could conceivably be spit out anywhere in time or space (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). If an object falls into a black hole, which has undergone the transformation into a wormhole, it could probably avoid hitting the singularity (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). Therefor it would not be turned into spaghetti and compacted to the size of a base particle. Instead, it would follow the closest thing to a straight line that it could find, which would be to slip completely through the wormhole (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). It sounds impossible, but it looks good on paper. If wormholes could exist, according to calculations, they would be highly unstable (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). If anything were to disturb it, like an object passing through it, it would likely collapse (Bunn, Black Holes FAQ). .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b , .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .postImageUrl , .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b , .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:hover , .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:visited , .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:active { border:0!important; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:active , .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa85a15a5a2905e7c9f502fb064c9c3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: echnology vs. Humanity Essay Though the equations are valid, wormholes most assuredly do not exist. If they did it would probably send shivers up the science fiction communitys spine. In the book, Relatively Speaking, the Author, Eric Chaisson says, The world of science is littered with mathematically elegant theories that apparently have no basis in reality (182). Although black holes have not been conclusively proven to exist, there is strong evidence, in the observable universe, that they do. Black holes are very important to the world of cosmology. They allow for the study of common particles under very uncommon environmental variables. Scientists have vastly increased their knowledge of the universe and the properties of matter through the study of a black holes effects on light, time and the fabric of the space.Works CitedBunn, Ted Black Holes FAQ. NSF Science and Technology Center (September 1995): Online. Internet. http://physics7.berkeley. edu/Bhfaq.HTML Chaisson, Eric. Relatively Speaking: Relativity, Black Holes, and the Fate of the Universe. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1988. Hawking, Stephen. A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. New York: Bantam Books, 1988.

Structures Of Resisitance Essays - Land Management, Feudalism

Structures Of Resisitance The nature of interaction between traditional agrarian society and the ?modern world' has remained a controversial debate amongst anthropologists, sociologists and political theorists. It remains contentious as to whether the dominance of modern values over traditional is desirable; whether the arrival of the market and modern commerce betters or worsens the conditions of rural society and its relationship with the metropol; whether such change is received with apprehension or optimism by the members of rural society. Joel Migdal, for example, puts forth certain arguments proposing the concept of ?culture contact'that exposure and contact are the causes of change.' Migdal identifies three reasons suggesting why such change would be likely to occur: (1) The benefits of the modern far outweigh the benefits of the traditional. (2) The individual is free from severe institutional restraints which would prevent him from making an unimpeded decision. (3) Those individuals who select the new are rational and are optimisers, and those individuals who do not accept the modern fail to do so because of ?wrong? or nonrational values.' Most theorists, however, tend to agree that modern society, for good or bad, is clearly encroaching on traditional agrarian society and gradually moulding its values, economic systems and sociopolitical institutions into variants of the modern equivalent. However, this consensus fails to account for one extremely significant fact: that despite the overwhelming economic, political and cultural dominance of the modern world, traditional agrarian structures continue to persist in various forms: the feudal estates of Third World countries, plantations and latifundismos in Southern Italy and much of Latin America, and so on. The questions thus arise: why do such traditional social relations persist in spite of the modern impulse? Why do customs and rituals and social codes play such an important part in determining rural society? Why do inefficient labour-intensive technology and archaic labour organisation systems continue to determine the process of economic production? And why do state attempts at modernising rural production continually face defeat and fail to effect conclusive change? This paper attempts to answer these and other questions through an analysis of two similar anachronistic structures that exist in the contemporary world: the Italian latifondo and the Latin American latifundismo. Both structures are organised in a very similar manner, and an analysis of both presents a holistic picture of their social and economic organisation. The paper begins by describing the administrative structure of the latifondo, and then goes on to suggest that the socioeconomic peculiarities of the enterprise may be at least partially explained by the rational voluntarist behaviour of the landlord, who allows old structures to persist in light of their cultural peculiarity. In The Mafia of a Sicilian Village, Anton Blok describes the Sicilian latifondo as being ?in its main features ?involutionary?'. Blok invokes this term while alluding to a complex process in which certain structures undergo internalisation and fixity, as suggested by Clifford Geertz in Agricultural Involution. ?Involution', according to Geertz, refers to ?the overdriving of an established form in such a way that it becomes rigid through an inward elaboration of detail'. Blok's study of the latifondo leads him to conclude that this agrarian enterprise underwent such a process at both the social and the economic level. Before further exploring this process, however, it is necessary to first understand the power structure and organisation of the Sicilian latifondo. According to Blok, the latifondo was typically leased out to a gabelloto, who in turn hired a number of permanent employees to manage the enterprise. These administrators generally comprised an overseer (soprastante) and a number of field guards (campieri). The overseer was the gabelloto's ?man of confidence' ? ?he dealt with the peasants set to work on the estates and took care of the general protection of the enterprise.' The campieri assisted the overseer in his work, and ?constituted a kind of private police force which, in the absence of an efficient formal control apparatus, claimed to maintain law and order in the countryside.' This hierarchical structure is replicated in Latin American latifundios, as described by Ernest Feder in ?Latifundios and Agricultural Labour.' Feder further describes the Latin American latifundismo as being characterised by ?absentee landlordism'. He asserts that ?for the rural worker almost every